Free Essays - Jefferson’s Character in A Lesson Before Dying :: Lesson Before Dying Essays

Jefferson’s Character A Lesson Before Dying takes place in a small Louisiana Cajun community in the late 1940’s. In the novel, Jefferson, a young black man, is an unwitting party to a liquor store shoot out in which three men are killed; being the only survivor, he is convicted of a murder and sentenced to death. Jefferson’s personality and physical appearance in the novel provides not only a relationship to the courtroom and his cell, but also connected to the geographical setting of the book.   In the initial setting of the novel, Jefferson sits in a courtroom located in rural Louisiana, which is filled with anger , tension, isolation, and quietness from the people in the room. This setting of the book supports Jefferson’s personality in chapter 9 when Jefferson’s character is introduced. Jefferson’s cell could be considered the second setting or Jefferson’s setting in the book. Jefferson’s relationship to the courtroom (initial setting) supports Jefferson’s personality in the prison. He is isolated just like in the courtroom. â€Å" There was an empty cell between Jefferson and the rest of the prisoners† (Gaines 71). Jefferson’s cell was not only isolated like a courtroom in rural Louisiana, but quiet. â€Å"Jefferson’s been quiet . . . He didn’t answer† (71). Due to Jefferson’s isolation and quietness, he has built anger inside. An anger which had been building up since the courtroom conviction. â€Å"Nothing don’t matter,†he said, looking up at the ceiling.† (73) The first setting of the novel is similar to Jefferson’s cell setting. The three settings: the courtroom , location of the town, and prison all have similarities to Jefferson’s character traits. Theme: Jefferson’s character represents race the best. The opportunity for equal representation for the African Americans in the book is shown through Jefferson. There is a constant comparison and view of blacks vs. whites in the novel. â€Å" To show too much intelligence would have been an insult to them.† (47) The respect of race varied in the book, but at the end Jefferson’s character prevailed. The author summons the reader to confront the entire bitter history of black people in the South and America as a whole. The theme of race ties into the novel when the characters begin to declare the value of their lives in a time and place in which those lives seemingly count for nothing. Jefferson’s relationship to the theme in the novel only occurs

Money or Happiness Essay

The general belief is that the rich tend to pamper their children by buying them all sorts of â€Å"toys†, while the poorer children do not do this because they cannot afford to. It is usually presented in stories- especially in movies – that rich children are bad while those from poorer families struggle all their lives. Consequently it may be believed that children from rich families are happier than those from poorer ones. This may be the case in some instances, but is definitely not always true. Children can be happy whether they are from rich or poor families. We hear of cases where poor families make all sorts of sacrifices so that their children – or one of them – can have a certain comfort. Fathers are known to work at extra jobs so that their children can have expensive toys for Christmas or for their birthdays. On the other hand, the children of the rich are not always given everything they want. Rich fathers are known to make their children work for a living and earn their pocket money. Other fathers have refused to give their children expensive toys so that they will learn the value of hard work. Hence it is not the riches of the parents that can make the children happy but what the parents do to the child. Happiness can never be equated with having money or having rich parents for that matter. It is possible that poor parents have a close relationship with their child. In this way the child has something far better; it has love. Having enough love, the child will be happy – at least much happier than if it did not receive love. On the other hand it is possible that the child of rich parents have everything she wants but does not get the love and concern that she needs. The parents of rich children are sometimes too busy spending their money and earning more. Often we hear stories of â€Å"poor little rich children†. Though many of the stories we hear are fiction, some of them are real indeed. Sometimes the parents of rich children believe that their child will be happy if he is provided with everything he needs. They try to substitute money for love and care. In such instances, the rich child can be very happy indeed. In addition, children brought up in this way tend to be very poor in relationships. They do not know how to value things like friendships. Such a child is poor indeed, in spite of being financially rich. Using money and surrounding himself with all sorts of toys the child is apt to grow up with the wrong sense of what is true happiness. Then one day when he realizes that money does not always buy happiness, he will not know which way to turn. Hence children from rich families may not always be happier than those from poorer families. In fact both are capable of being happy, with or without money.

The Debate Of Economics Between Bentham And Aristotle

A Debate of Economics Between Bentham and Aristotle With all the many issues facing our country today it is difficult to pin down exactly what the biggest issue is, so instead of picking the biggest issue I decided to pick the issue that has affected people the most in this country as well as other countries which would be economics. When it comes to economics the biggest issue facing our country is that we no longer produce what we need to keep up with our economic system, so what if the philosophers that created the ideas and basic principles so long ago were around now, and furthermore, what if they were running for the two thousand sixteen presidential election? In the following I will present a debate between the famous philosophers Bentham and Aristotle in regards to the current economic system. Moderator: First question of the debate: How would you, as US president restore the production of goods to improve our economic system? Aristotle s Response As someone who believes in economic equality I believe that economic scarcity is an inevitable aspect of human nature that being said, the action we must take as a country to improve is looking at economic actions as a opportunity to use goods only as an essential for life. To conclude my answer to this question I believe that as long as goods and services are used to have helpful uses to people it is essential to our economy because if we are putting money into goods that are useless it s a waste of money, andShow MoreRelatedThe Modernization Of Money And Interest Essay2386 Words   |  10 Pagespolicymakers throughout the financial history keep monitoring and intervening in money and interest, trying to grasp these tools but not get hurt: governments interpret underlying signals sent by interest and implement monetary policies to boost economic growth and avoid aberrations. Past failures in financial history have proved that the current understandings of money and interest need further adjustments. Therefore, how do money, interest rates, and financial system really interact with each otherRead MoreThe Six Stages Of Kohlberg s Moral Development2377 Words   |  10 PagesON JUSTICE a. How might the philosophers’ approach to ethic helps with doing the right thing? i. Aristotle – believes that â€Å"justice means giving people what they deserve, giving each person his or her due† (Sandel, 186). He also believes that moral virtue comes by doing and that â€Å"we become just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, brave by doing brave acts† (Sandel, 197). Aristotle believes that intellect is learned through teaching and character through habit, and argues thatRead More Ethical Theories  and Major Moral Principles Essay5111 Words   |  21 Pagesmost popular ethical theories, utilitarianism is actually a relatively recent invention. The first proponent of utilitarianism was Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). Utilitarianism, in general, is the ethical theory that says that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the goodness (utility) or badness (disutility) of its expectable consequences. Bentham believed that we should always choose the action which is likely to result in the most happiness for e veryone affected, where happinessRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesTraditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how persons ought to act or if such questions are answerable. The main branches of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics.Read MorePolitical Decision Making Has Been Regarded As The Foundation Stone Of The Democratic2247 Words   |  9 PagesCHAPTER 1: Literature Review Introduction Public participation in political decision-making has been regarded as the foundation stone of the democratic process since the time of Aristotle and Plato’s archaic Greece. It is thinking that has transcended the ages: 18th-century political thinker Jeremy Bentham argued that government must make their deliberations publicly known so ordinary people are â€Å"placed in a situation to form an enlightened opinion and the course of the opinion is easily marked†Read MoreTorts study notes Essay17110 Words   |  69 Pagesdeterrence, commonly explained within the framework of economics. The other looks at tort law as a way of achieving corrective justice between the parties. If these are alternative camps, they are also to a large measure unfriendly camps: much of the time each treats the other with neglect or even derision. The development of each scholarly group and the explanations for their attitudes toward each other are dealt with in Part I below.    The debate within tort scholarship can be both compared and contrastedRead MoreCustomer Perception on Buying House5873 Words   |  24 Pages Jeremy Bentham founded traditional utilitarianism. His version of the theory assumes that we can measure and add the quantities of benefits produced by an action and subtract the measured quantities of harm it will cause, allowing us to determine which action has the most benefits or lowest total costs and is therefore moral. The utility Bentham had in mind was not the greatest benefit for the person taking the action, but rather the greatest benefit for all involved. For Bentham: AnRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 Pages27 of the  Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.[32]  Although the relationship between intellectual property and  human rights  is a complex one,[33]  there are moral arguments for intellectual property. The arguments that justify intellectual property fall into three major categories. Personality theorists believe intellectual propertyRead MoreAdministrative Law, Red and Green Light Theories5307 Words   |  22 Pagescontrol 7. Allocation of functions 8. Towards consensus? 1. Law and state Behind every theory of administrative law there lies a theory of the state. As Harold Laski once said, constitutional law is unintelligible except as the expression of an economic system of which it was designed to serve as a rampart.1 By this he meant that the machinery of government was an expression of the society in which it operated; one could not be understood except in the context of the other. In 1941, Sir Cecil CarrRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pages48 Implications of Behavioural Genetics Research In Society: 50 How the genes influence behaviour and ethics: 52 2.3- PHILOSOPHICAL: 55 2.31- Contribution Of In Ethics By The Source Of Philosophical Systems: 55 2.32- Contribution of Aristotle: 57 2.33- Contributions By Other Important Philosophers: 58 2.34- Rights Theory: 64 2.35- Contribution By KANT: 65 2.36- Contribution By ROSS: 66 2.4- CULTURAL: 68 2.5- LEGAL SYSTEM: 71 2.6- CODES OF ETHICS: 74 2.61- Company

Essay about The Transformation of Hamlet - 889 Words

Throughout the story Hamlet written by William Shakespeare, where there is an astonishing amount of detail. Hamlet is an alive and kicking story about seeking revenge for his father. Hamlet is a marvelous story that brings suicide, insanity, procrastination, and sarcasm all into one. The four categories are set as the story plays them out. Each one has their own excitement, disappointment, and mild tone. Throughout the quotes given, there is an explanation of why they were chosen. The suicidal comes into play towards the beginning of the story during act 1. The character Hamlet, is a very emotional person. During act 1 he makes known with the quote â€Å"Wallowing in gloom† (I.ii) Hamlet at the time is in a mental state of mind,†¦show more content†¦She begins singing and nothing but gibberish comes of it. â€Å"She speaks much of her father, says she hears there’s tricks i th world, and hems, and beats her heart, Spurns enviously at straws, speaks things in do† (V.IV.2). In this case Ophelia, has fell of her wagon. She has literally become insane, due to her father’s death. Ophelia feels lost, her brother is gone out of the country, and now her father is dead. She’s confused and in denial. Sarcasm is brought up in the play of Hamlet numerous amount of times. Claudius was voicing to Hamlet, and begins with â€Å"How is it that the clouds still hang on you?† with a response from Hamlet â€Å"Not so, my lord. I’ too much I’ the sun.† (I.ii.3) Hamlet puts off of feeling that he needs to pretend to like Claudius, to devise a plan, rather than to be extremely blunt due to Claudius’s denial. Gertrude knowing that Hamlet is oppressive about her choices she quotes â€Å"Good Hamlet, cast thy knighted color off, and let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Do not forever with thy vailed lids. Seek for thy noble father in the dust, Thou know’st ‘tis common. All that lives mu st die, passing through nature eternity.† (I.ii.3) Hamlet then responds we â€Å"Ay, madam, it is common.† He is being sincere, and also sarcastic. Hamlet knows that Claudius is the killer, but is terrified to announce that to Gertrude, because she may send him off before he is able to seek revenge. Procrastination takes its turn in the story. ClaudiusShow MoreRelatedThe Transformation Of Prince Shakespeare s Hamlet 1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Transformation of Prince Hamlet from Good to Evil Nobody is born evil. Though there are many evil people in the world today, becoming evil is the combination of multiple events that take place. Just like Hamlet, the transformation from good to evil is very common. Although it is different for every individual, this process is easier for some to go through than it is for others. In Hamlet’s case, the events that slowly change him prove to be quite unbearable. It is people that mean the mostRead MoreEssay about The Transformations of Lady Macbeth and Hamlet646 Words   |  3 PagesThe Transformations of Lady Macbeth and Hamlet In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth, we experience a completely different Lady Macbeth at the beginning of the play, than we do as the play unfolds. Lady Macbeth is the perfect example of a character playing a dramatic role reversal. At the beginning of the play, her character was that of a strong, controlling wife, whose goal was to make her husband commit a murder in order to become king. Lady Macbeth ends up going crazy and having a nervousRead More Hamlets Transformation from Good to Evil in Shakespeares Hamlet833 Words   |  4 PagesHamlets Transformation from Good to Evil in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet’s transforms from good to evil in the play Hamlet by Shakespeare. Hamlet experiences a lot of pain and becomes very anger because of his father’s death, his mother’s bad remarriage, and the loss of his only love, Ophelia. The losses that Hamlet has to deal with are the anger and lack of forgiveness build in himself. This allows Hamlet’s true thoughts and character to be revealed through his soliloquies. First, HamletRead More Hamlets Transformation from Good to Evil in the Play Hamlet by William Shakespeare933 Words   |  4 PagesHamlets Transformation from Good to Evil in the Play Hamlet by William Shakespeare Hamlet’s Transformation from Good to Evil In the play Hamlet by Shakespeare, Hamlet endures exorbitant amount of pain and anger because of his father’s death, his mothers hasty remarriage, and the loss of his only love, Ophelia. The losses that Hamlet has to deal with, the anger and lack of forgiveness that he allows to build within himself, allows Hamlet’s true thoughts and character to be revealed through hisRead MoreComparision Of Hamlet With Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead1306 Words   |  6 Pagesand Guildenstern are Dead (R and G†¦) by Tom Stoppard is a transformation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet that has been greatly influenced due to an external contextual shift. The sixteenth century Elizabethan historical and social context, accentuating a time of questioning had specific values which are transformed and altered in Stoppard’s Existential, post two-world wars twentieth century historical and social context. The processes of transform ation that are evident allow the shifts in ideas, values andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Ophelia s Struggle And Madness1088 Words   |  5 Pages1 Pregnant with Madness— Ophelia’s Struggle and Madness in Hamlet Yi-Chi Chen Intergrams 11.2(2011): http://benz.nchu.edu.tw/~intergrams/intergrams/112/112-cyc.pdf ISSN: 1683-4186 Abstract Madness in Hamlet is one of the crucial themes for Shakespeare to depict the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Due to Claudius’s usurpation of the Old Hamlet’s crown and queen, characters such as Hamlet, Ophelia, and Gertrude suffer seriously from betrayal, resentment, and enragementRead MoreStoppards Rosencrantz Essay962 Words   |  4 Pages Transformation In Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead, the composer’s intention is to show part of the story of Hamlet out of the eyes of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. It Is different to Shakespeare’s Hamlet because of a number of reasons. A writer will sometimes create a character who is put into the story to provide a contrast or comparison with the main character. Such a character may be placed into a similar situation as the main character, but react differently, in order to showRead MoreVengeance Shall Be Mine Essay842 Words   |  4 Pagesbest or some change for the worst. Hamlet is an individual constantly watched because of his change of behavior, speech and thinking. Many of his peers realize that Hamlet has changed for the worst and even gone mad. It is noticeable to many that Hamlet has the biggest character development in the text. Hamlet’s character undergoes many behavioral changes when he is told by his father to avenge his wrongful murder by killing Claudius. I believe Hamlets transformation by revenge is a three stage processRead More Captain Ahab Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesDick. Ironically, Ahab’s harpoon catches around his neck and strangles him to death. Obviously determined to avenge his leg, the Captain causes his own downfall through his own desire for retribution. In The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark, Shakespeare creates two characters, Hamlet and Laertes, who endure a series of events and unveil Shakespeare’s similar belief that revenge causes one to act blindly in anger. Through Shakespeare’s distinct language and diction, the characters’ motivational factorsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Hamlet, each character stands out in unique ways. Madness is one of the crucial themes as Shakespeare depicts the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Though she is generally read as a minor character, Ophelia’s madness reveals the struggle of the female character that attempts to have a voice of her own. Ophelia’s life certainly seems tragic based on Aristotle s definition of tragedy, which says that â€Å"A tragedy is the imitation

The Way Of The Dragon By Bruce Lee - 1445 Words

Legend By reading, Fighting Spirit, Eurasians and watching the movie the Way of the dragon. You can see that Bruce Lee’s took much pride in the way he thought about things when it came to race, gender and sexuality. We can see how Bruce Lee’s life and career reveal the Issues of race, gender and sexuality. In the book Eurasians you can see that there are a lot of factors that play into the how they were treated in the U.S Bruce Lee was Eurasian and was an excellent spokesperson for helping Eurasian to acclaimed in the U.S. Bruce looked at race, gender and sexuality. Although the book is not about Bruce Lee’s life only, it has a lot to do with Bruce’s morals and how he was expose to things that went on in his life and what he had to deal with when he came to the U.S. When looking at race Eurasian is a mixture of Europe and Asian people. They had relationships and they had kids. This relates to Bruce because hit mother was apart of this. According to the book Eurasians they looked at people from two different cultures combining to make one whole new culture. â€Å"Early in the formation of the American republic there emerged a compelling vision of the nation as a place where a new ‘American race’† (Teng, P.33) if you were able to look at the big picture then you would be able to see that with the two races mixing to form one it only help and did not hurt people. Not only did this Idea affect Bruce it also had an impact on generations to come. For example Bruce’s sonShow MoreRelatedBruce Lee Way Of The Dragon Essay4985 Words   |  20 Pages Way of the Dragon: Bruce Lee Way of The Dragon: Bruce Lee Ashish Rajthala Truman State University JINS 355: Creativity in Arts and Science Prof. Wendy Sue Miner 24th October 2017 Preview Bruce Lee was an American and Hong Kong-based actor, film director, philosopher, poet and martial artist. More importantly, he was the inventor of Jeet Kune Do a improvised martial arts technique and a ambitious person. Bruce Lee started learning Wing Chun with his master YipRead More bruce lee Essay examples972 Words   |  4 Pages BRUCE LEE Bruce Lee was perhaps the greatest Martial-Artist ever. He was born in San Francisco, California on November 27th, 1940. A few months after his birth, Bruce and his family move back to Hong Kong. Bruce starred in a number of films as a child. His first starring role was actually when he was six years old! It was a role in a film titled quot;Little Orphan Samquot;. At the age of 12, Bruce begins taking Martial-Arts instruction from the legendary Sifu Yap-Man, a master of the artRead MoreA Man with a Dragon’s Spirit: Bruce Lee Essay673 Words   |  3 Pagesrespect is Bruce Lee. In the short 32 years of his life, Bruce Lee, created a legacy that is still prevalent today. He is thought by many as the â€Å"Greatest Martial Artist of the 20th Century†. His philosophies and insightful teachings have influenced many people, including myself. His perseverance and determination are beyond that of modern-day people and those are to qualities that deserve my admiration. Bruce Lee was born, November 27th 1940, in San Francisco, in the Year of the Dragon, accordingRead MoreLee Jun Fans Life and Accomplishments1464 Words   |  6 PagesLee Jun Fan, more commonly known as Bruce Lee, was born November 27th, 1940, in San Francisco, California. During this time it was the hour and year of the Dragon, in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Bruce was the fourth child of Lee Hoi Chuen and Grace Ho. Lee Hoi Chuen, Bruce’s father, was a comedic actor in the Chinese opera. Chuen and his wife were on tour in America with the opera company when Bruce was born. At three months old, Bruce and his family returned to Hong Kong. On the way back, BruceRead MoreBruce Lee1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthe amazing Bruce Lee and his incredible movies in the early 1970s, its arguable whether or not the martial arts film genre would have ever penetrated and influenced mainstream western cinema audiences the way it has over the past three decades. The influence of Asian martial arts cinema can be seen today in so many other film genres including comedies, action, drama, science fiction, horror and animation.....and they all have their roots in the phenomenon that was Bruce Lee Bruce Lee was bornRead MoreBruce Lee was Better than Chuck Norris570 Words   |  2 Pagesmany Chuck Norris jokes but hardly any Bruce Lee jokes? Because Bruce Lee is no joke. Through his films, philosophy, and legacy, Bruce Lee became an icon to the world. Lee’s films had consumed the kung fu genre, and in doing so made him an icon. First of all, kung fu was a new and growing genre, and Lee had monopolized them. According to Bruce Lee’s Wikipedia, before stardom Lee would take on minor roles in American TV dramas; in order to prove his worth, Lee went to China to star in films producedRead MoreBack In The Day, Bruce Lee Had Gained Popularity In The1686 Words   |  7 PagesBack in the day, Bruce Lee had gained popularity in the media for his action thrilling Kung Fu movies. Most people watched his movies without capturing what the movies truly unfolded. As his movies kept evolving into the new era, so did the themes that each movie contained. Starting from his first movie, â€Å"The Big Boss,† all the way to latest movie we’ve watched, â€Å"Way of the Dragon.† By studying his life and the movies he created, this paper will help reveal the ideas of race, specifically racismRead MoreEssay on Bruce Lee1331 Words   |  6 Pages Bruce Lee Christian Estradanbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; March 22, 1996 Literature-07nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Biography Report Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BruceRead MoreThe Chinese Martial Arts Film2646 Words   |  11 Pageschange. In particular, some of the stars in the Chinese Martial arts films action stars like Michelle Yeah and rebellious Zheng Ziyi have greatly contributed to feminist and cultural believes about the gender issues. In this case they are part of a new way of thinking which takes into account the growing role of women in the Chinese society, not list the martial arts film industry. It is evident that, the ultimate willingness to explore the position of feminized identities inevitably reflects upon ChineseRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Ip Man Films1462 Words   |  6 Pageswith Ip Man. In this film, Ip Man presents martial arts as a physical and symbolic means of resistance against china’s conquerors. On the other hand it is more than that, as Ip Man says in the film, that the Chinese martial arts are more than just a way of fighting – that it is the â€Å"soul† of the people. The portrayal of Chinese martial arts in Ip Man is more than just violence against a popular national enemy, but also a link back to their ancient cultural roots, creating a sense of heritage. In the

Bibliography for History of Fashion Free Essays

Bibliography Ribeiro, A. , 1995. The Art of Dress: Fashion in England and France in 1750 to 1820. We will write a custom essay sample on Bibliography for History of Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Tarrant, N. , 1994. The Development of Costume. London: Routledge Ribeiro, Aileen, 1983. A Visual History of Costume: The Eighteenth Century. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd. Cunnington, C. Willett, Cunnington, P, 1972 Revised, A Handbook of English Costume in the 18th Century, Page 14, Northampton: John Dickens Co. Ltd. Page 32 Kalinsky, N. , 1995. Gainsborough. London: Phaidon Press Ltd. Hayes, J. , 1975. Gainsborough: Paintings and Drawings. London: Phaidon Press Ltd. Solkin, D. H. , 2001. Art on the Line – The Royal Academy Exhibitions at Somerset House 1780 – 1836. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Contini, M. , Laver, J. , Ironside, J. , 1965. Fashion: From Ancient Egypt to the Present Day. London: Paul Hamlyn Ltd. Carter, E. , 1977. The Changing World of Fashion. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson. Koda, H. , 2003. Goddess: The Classical Mode. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wendors, R. , 1996. Sir Joshua Reynolds: The Painter in Society. Harvard University Press, National Portrait Gallery Publications. Steegman, J. , 1933. Sir Joshua Reynolds. London Southampton: The Camelot Press Ltd. Penny, N. , 1986. Reynolds. Royal Academy of Arts, London: Weidenfeld Nicolson. Rosenthal, M. , 1999. The Art of Thomas Gainsborough. New Haven: Yale University. Rosenthal, M. , Myrone, M. , 2002. Gainsborough. London: Tate Publishing. Colley, L. , 1986. The Politics of Eighteenth Century British History, Page 359, in The Journal of British Studies, Vol. 5, No. 4, Oct. , 1986, USA: University of Chicago Press. Levy, J. S. 1981. Alliance Formation and War Behavior: An Analysis of the Great Powers, 1495-1975, in The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 25, No. 4, Dec. , 1981 Burnaby, W. 1700. The Reform’d Wife. London: Thomas Bennett. Langford, P. , 1992. A Polite and Commercial People: England 1727 – 1783 (New Oxford History of England) Clarenden Press. —— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Top of Form Bottom of Form1853, Sir Joshua Reynolds. In The Illustrated Magazine of Art. Vol. 1, No. 3, 1853. Warner, M. , 1989. The Sources and Meaning of Reynolds’s â€Å"Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces†, in Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1989 Francis, J. , 2002. The Three Graces: Composition and Meaning in a Roman Context, in Greece and Rome, Second Series, Vol. 49, No. 2. Joshua Reynolds: The Creation of Celebrity. Ed. Martin Postle. London: Tate Publishing, 2005. Anawalt, P. R. , 2007. The Worldwide History of Dress. New York, New York: Thames ; Hudson Inc. Buchanan, L. , 2007. Sarah Siddons and Her Place in Rhetorical History, in Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric. Vol. 25. , No. 4. Autumn 2007. University of California Press. McPherson, H. , 2000. Picturing Tragedy: Mrs Siddons as the Tragic Muse Revisited, in Eighteenth Century Studies. Vol. 33. , No. 3. , Spring 2000. The Johns Hopkins University Press Weinsheime. J. , 1978. Mrs. Siddons, the Tragic Muse, and the Problem of as in The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Critic. Vol. 36. No. 3. Spring 1978 How to cite Bibliography for History of Fashion, Papers

Advanced Risk and Uncertainty Management

Question: Describe about the "Melbourne Metro Rail Project". Answer: Introduction: The Melbourne Metro Rail Project which is commonly known as the Metro Rail Capacity Project was a planned infrastructure assignment in Melbourne. The project involves the designing of the twin tunnel to make a way from South Kensington railway station to South Yarra. This project was a master piece out of several infrastructure projects which were designed to increase the pool capacity and also transforming the suburban computer based system to metro style rapid transport system. The project would deliver two rail tunnels of nine kilometres each. In the year 2014, the Andrews Government revived the main Melbourne Metro Rail Project. In this literature review various risk models, the risk associated with the project and its management have been discussed (Hale, 2015). Risk definition: As stated by Carey (2013), every project revolves around d certain risks. Risk related to the financial crisis, human resource, management, material resources, communal risk, ethical issues, etc. Risk can be defined as assess the probability, exposure to all the different hazards and severity of all the activities. For any infrastructure project there exists a chance of risk since everything might not give the same outcome as planned. In this metro project, there is a risk of an architect or design of the project. This risk should be identified, analysed and managed based on certain models and techniques (Drehmann Nikolaou, 2013). Risk analysis models: In order to assess the risk use of certain models are important. According to the Ayyub (2014),the models have the potential to give rise to poor design, disaster due to uncertainty flexibility or inappropriate interpretation. There are various models associated with risk analysis. The first model is the Risk Management model. It is an approach for systematic recognition, analysis and response to the risk of the project. This model suggests the way to deal with the risk associated with the project. Risk control is a part of this plan. Monitor and review of the height of risk and capability to manage the risk is a part of the model plan. Firstly, the context needs to be defined involving the clients need and stakeholders analysis. Secondly, the risk needs to be identified and also the constraints that might affect the project must be recognised. Thirdly, the risk needs to be assessed and the impact and rate of occurrence need to be quantified. Lastly, the responses based on the risk a ssessed needs to be defined and also the implementation (McNeil et al. 2015). The second model is the "Simulation modelling." Whenever iterative simulation is used the Monte Carlo technique is often used along with software programme. The simulation involves the input that reflects the possible risks with proper distribution. The model randomly produces a value in reference to the risk and accumulates them if multiple risks are included in the model. The whole system is computerised. The output refers to the distribution of the grand cost, period and the measurement used to qualify and safety associated with the risk. The result obtained from the output could be used to schedule the durations and complement the budget so that risk associated with the project could be reduced (Fishman 2013). As stated by Gueudr et al. (2014), the Generic Model is associated with six modules which involve project definition, identification of the risk, quantification of the risk, risk evaluation, implementation as a risk response, and monitoring linked with controlling. Figure: Model-based on risk assessment Types of risks in railway Projects: A literature review states a rail project is associated with several risk generally the financial and safety risk involved with the construction of the projects. The risk potentially prevents the project from functioning leading to uncertainty in the cost overruns, delay of the project, issues associated with the safety, system reliability and integrity (Kendrick, 2015). The various risks associated are as follows: Technical risks Commercial and procurement risk Interface risk Financial risk Legal and political risk According to Kendrick (2015), the technical risk involves the risk of completeness of the design. If the design is not according to the clients requirement, then there might be complications and problems. Moreover, if the designing lacks integration and is not according to the intellectual property rights, there might remain a risk. In any constructional project there always remains a risk of communal and labour safety. Even the use of unapproved or outdated technology might cause risk. Geographical location or climatic condition can also sometimes cause hindrance in the project (McNeil et al., 2015). The size of the project if it is long, if there are budget constraints or type of contract, dispute resolution, etc. might cause risk associated with the project. Interface risks are also a significant issue that is associated with the railways. As discussed by Kendrick (2015), the financial risks such as budget constraints and funding can also be a big issue. The funding given by the government should not be restricted or the project might get hampered due to an elevation of the budget that was not predicted. Inflation of the currency and modifications in the exchange rate can also be reasons for risk. The political corruptions and uncertain regulatory atmosphere could be a significant constraint in the railway project. Moreover, literature review reflects that taxation can bring about huge loss to an organisation funding the project. Huge tax charged can, therefore, be a hindrance (McNeil et al., 2015). Risk management in railway project: As stated by Teller et al. (2014), the risk associated with the infrastructure projects should be managed in order to complete the project successfully. This can be done by using risk management which is an ongoing process which is continuous throughout the project and include identification, evaluation, allocation, mitigation and review after monitoring. According to Williams et al. (1997), methods were developed by which risk management was practised. The methods were software intensive programs based on these specific road maps were designed. Such approached helped in conducting the project and make the practices. In a literature review, it was stated that due to the dynamic environments of the designing of the project and the complexity results in high degree of risk and uncertainty. In one of the literature review regarding the Korean high-speed railway states that after eight years of the railway construction, a new Korean train Express was planned. The project was complex thus requires proper planning and management. As stated by Bhattacharya et al. (2012), the risk management involves new high-speed railway system, new technologies, etc. The risk management involved in the project was technical management related to engineering and construction risk management, financial management, social and also political management (Teller et al., 2014). Project risk management" chiefly comprises expenditure and "schedule uncertainties" and risks linked with every activity of the "project network." It has been recognised the main "risk sources" and "quantified the risks" in stipulations to probability, impact and rigorousness in a "complex infrastructure project" for the creation of new and innovative designs related to railways (Bhattacharya et al., 2012). Conclusion: The "Melbourne Metro Rail Project" involves the designing of the twin tunnel to make a way from "South Kensington railway station" to "South Yarra." For any infrastructure project there exists a chance of risk since everything might not give the same outcome as planned. In this metro project, there is a risk of an architect or design of the project. The models have the potential to give rise to poor design, disaster due to uncertainty flexibility or inappropriate interpretation. In terms of the "Melbourne Metro Rail Project," the "Simulation modelling" can be applied. The reason behind this is that the project aims at developing a high-tech metro station with modern amenities which could be fulfilled by the use of computer system analysis and system generated outputs. The output would offer the estimation of the budget, time management and quantify the safety associated with the project. The risks associated with this project can be checked by using risk management which is an ongoin g process which is continuous throughout the project and include identification, evaluation, allocation, mitigation and review after monitoring. Such activities and regulations can lead to the success of the Melbourne Metro Rail project. References: Ayyub, B. M. (2014).Risk analysis in engineering and economics. CRC Press. Bhattacharya, A., Romani, M., Stern, N. (2012, May). Infrastructure for development: meeting the challenge. InCentre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Londres. www. cccep. ac. uk/Publications/Policy/docs/PP-infrastructure-for-development-meeting-the-challenge. pdf. Consultado el(Vol. 15). Carey, A. (2013). Is road or rail the answer to Melbourne's congestion problems?.Geodate,26(4), 2. Drehmann, M., Nikolaou, K. (2013). Funding liquidity risk: definition and measurement.Journal of Banking Finance,37(7), 2173-2182. Fishman, G. (2013).Discrete-event simulation: modeling, programming, and analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Gueudr, T., Dobrinevski, A., Bouchaud, J. P. (2014). Explore or exploit? a generic model and an exactly solvable case.Physical review letters,112(5), 050602. Hale, C. (2015). Planning Melbourne metro: Why every centimetre and every dollar counts.Planning News,41(11), 16. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Teller, J., Kock, A., Gemnden, H. G. (2014). Risk management in project portfolios is more than managing project risks: a contingency perspective on risk management.Project Management Journal,45(4), 67-80. Williams, R. C., Walker, J. A., Dorofee, A. J. (1997). Putting risk management into practice.IEEE Software,14(3), 75. Advanced Risk and Uncertainty Management Question: Discuss about the Advanced Risk and Uncertainty Management. Answer: Introduction The construction industry is categorized as a service industry. The industry provides employment to many people and market for industries manufacturing cement, iron, steel, bricks among other material used in construction. It is among the industries that play a great role in the development of any country, considering that any country needs to develop infrastructure for it to grow economically.(construction Industry Development Council of India, 2014) Establishing a construction company Establishing a construction company needs a huge capital base which makes it be a high-risk industry. While starting construction, one needs to consider the start-up cost and think of how they can be met. Marketing your company is also another important factor that one should think of. (Li, P2017). The following are steps starting a construction company. Write a business plan Like any other business starting a construction company requires a written business plan. This acts as a guide since it includes your goals and the way these goals will be attained. It also outlines the financial plan of the business, the clients, suppliers , and way of advertising your company. Source for funds According to Li, P(2017) A written formal business plan can be used in sourcing funds from banks in case you do not have enough start-up capital. Explain why you have chosen to start the business and the opportunities that make you believe it will succeed. Consider the option that the bank may give you for instance types of loans, interest rates and the duration given to pay back the loans. Consider legal requirements for a construction company According to Beesley, C (2012) For any company to operate in the country, it requires seeking legal licensing and permits for it to operate. A construction company also requires business insurance and surety bonds. Business license and permits- most construction companies require special licensing to operate beside the general business licenses. It is important to seek for assistance inform the government departments dealing with licensing of businesses. Surety bonds- construction bond is a legal requirement for the operation of any construction company. Surety bonds serve as a cover in case the contract obligation between the company and the client were not fulfilled. The regulations governing the issuance of surety bonds varies from country to country.Insurance- the company requires different types of business insurances such as workers compensation, property and vehicle insurances among others. Come up with occupational health and safety plan It is a requirement that a contraction company should create a safe and healthy working environment for its workers to protect them from dangers posed by construction work. (Beesley, C ,2012) Purchase the required tools and equipment Tools and equipment are basic requirements for any construction company. Different construction work requires different tools and equipment and therefore considering the services you have planned to offer in your company purchase the required tools to work with. Find labour There are four sources of labour for a construction company that is employees, subcontractors, labour brokers and independent contractors. One should consider the best option among the ones given above. (Beesley, C, 2012) Advertise your new construction company The advertisement is a basic requirement for any business to grow. It is a way of creating awareness about the existence of your company. It also gives information about the services that your company offers thus connecting you with your targeted clients. Advertisement can be started in through informing people close to you about your business, and they can spread the information to others. (Li, P, 2017) Risks that face a construction company Construction companies are faced with many risks. The stakeholders in this business such as project owners, contractors, consultants, suppliers among others face different fears that come as a result of the possible risks. The risks involved in the construction company can lead to great financial losses to all stakeholders.(construction Industry Development Council of India, 2014) According to Cavignac, J (2009) below are some of the risks that face most of the construction companies. Economic fluctuations This is referred to as seasonal slowness. Economic depression can result in financial difficulties which may affect the progress of the project. This may extend the time that was planned for the completion of a given project which leads to losses. The contractor needs to be prepared in advance in order to cover the extra expenses that may be incurred during these periods. Equipment damage In the construction work, the wearing and tearing of equipment are inevitable. The equipment will need to be repaired from time to time while others need to be replaced. However, some of the equipment are too expensive to be replaced on a regular basis. Such equipment requires insurance to cover them against loss, damage or theft. Accidents at the workplace During construction, work accidents are likely to happen and may involve the workers or third parties. It is important to be aware of such hazards and take necessary steps to avoid occurrences of many accidents. General liability insurance is necessary for any construction company in order to cover the third parties who may be involved in an accident. Faulty work Sometimes the work done by a construction company may not satisfy the client. This may call for reconstruction or other legal steps which may cost the company a lot of money. The construction company must, therefore, comply with the building regulation of the country. Failure to meet deadlines Due to unpredictable reasons which may delay the completion of a project the construction company may fail to meet the deadline of the project. In case there are any inconveniences it is, therefore, advisable to keep communicating with the clients to agree on new changes that may lead to the extension of deadlines. Risk analysis models Risk analysis according to Prince2 (2005) is a guided process of controlling risk. Risk analysis helps in identifying and evaluating events that may have an impact on the project and come up with ways of controlling them. There are various models of risk analysis, but I will focus on Prince2 P-1 Grid for risk analysis model and the DREAD model. According to Czagan D, (2014)The DREAD model in full stands for; Damage potential. Exploitability Affected users Discoverability Both models rate risks from low to highest each with numerical range. Depending on the impacts that a risk may have on the business, every risk is measured and ranked between a given range of numbers, for example, the DREAD risk analysis model has a range from 1 to 15. However Prince2 P-I risk analysis model is used for quantitative risk analysis while DREAD model is used for qualitative risk analysis. In the P-I risk analysis model, the results of the assessment are presented in a graph with x and y-axis. on the x-axis, there is the probability of a risk occurring while on the y-axis there is the exposure. To assess the severity of the risk one find the product of the probability and the impact. While on the DREAD analysis model assessment results are presented in a table according to ranges example from 1-5 low, 8-11 medium, and from 12-15 high. The severity of the risk can simply be determined by checking its rating fall between which ranges. I would recommend the use of the Prince2 P-I model in a construction company since it uses numerical information which is available in construction work. This model would help in giving a more accurate and hence dependable risk analysis. Managing risk in a construction company According to Plato, A (2014), risk management is the process of identifying a risk and then making decisions on how to put the risk under control. Risk management can also be defined as a process of predicting and evaluating risks them coming up with ways to avoid the risk or reduce its effect. As a company there are a number of steps or measures that can be taken to manage risk they are as follows; Risk analysis- this is the first and most step in risk management. It helps in identifying the vulnerability of the company to a given risk. Proper risk analysis of a company can be done through the reference to its documents such as financial documents, contracts among others. Risk control- it refers to laid down plans that will help in reducing the impacts of a given risk. For instance having a well trained human resource is one way of controlling risks. Risk transfer- when the risk facing the company is too much for the company to handle on its own it is considerable to seek for risk transfer, for example, getting insurance cover to cover unforeseeable risks such as accidents. References Bansal, S (2014) , Difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Analysis. Retrieved 13 may 2015: https://www.izenbridge.com/blog/differentiating-quantitative-risk-analysis-and-qualitative-risk-analysis/Beesley, C (2012), How to Start a Small Construction or General Contracting Business. U.S Small Business Administration ArticlesCavignac, J (2009) Managing Risk In a Construction Company, Construction Business Owner, Article Curtis, T (2014), Risk assessment Basics. Retrieved at: https://www.airsafe.com/risk/basics.htm -- Revised: 19 January 2014. Czgan, D (2014), Qualitative Risk Analysis with the DREAD model. Infosec Institutte Articles retrieved May 21, 2014 at: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/qualitative-risk-analysis-dread-model/ Li, P (2017), How to Start My Own Small Construction Company. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/start-own-small-construction-company-2257.html National Research Council, (2005), 4 Risk Identification and Analysis, The owners Role in Project Risk Management. Washington DC. Plato, A (2014),Communication Risk to Executive leadership. Prince2 (2005), Risk assessment model assessment .Retrieved at: https://www.stakeholdermap.com/risk/risk- Shah, N (2015), Qualitative vs. Quantitative Assessments. A journal on advisory. Sims, S (2012) Qualitative vs. Quantitative Risk Assessment, SANS Technology Institute Journal.